The Struggle Of The Civil War - 1492 Words

Many Texans contend that the Civil War was not fought over slavery, citing the limited number of slave-owning households in the state. While the majority of Texans did not own slaves, it would be inaccurate to argue that they were therefore against slavery. Texas, representative of other southern states that supported slavery, had a vested interest in preserving the institution at all costs, which is why they risked their lives over it. Moreover, Texans may argue that the civil war was about states’ rights or defense of the southern â€Å"way of life.† States’ rights, though part of the equation, played a diminished role as a whole in prompting the Civil War. Furthermore, because it revolved mostly around slavery, the southern â€Å"way of life†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Slaves were especially needed for cotton, which was proven to be a major crop of Texas. Although only 1/3 of Antebellum Texas had slaves, they produced over 90% of the cotton grown in Texas, which allowed for most slave-owners to actually receive a profit, as opposed to putting their money towards a loan in the northeast to produce the crop (Campbell 207). As a result it is clear that slavery became a necessity for the Texas economy. Slavery was also the main cause of the Civil War because of the political ramifications associated with it. The argument Texans had about the Civil War and states’ rights can be defended in that the U.S. Constitution failed to specifically address slavery. Although many of our Founding Fathers hated slavery and spoke negatively about it, several owned slaves and relied on them. The states’ rights argument was essentially used to control votes in congress. The states’ rights argument was used to create the fear of setting an unfavorable precedent by allowing more states to enter the union without slaves, which could mean loss of votes for the South in the U.S. Congress. If the north expanded into the west and they were able to get more states to enter the Union, then the Confederacy would lose the votes in the US congress. Congress could then vote to abolish slavery throughout the Union. The concept of states’ rights is a political and economical issue for the South. If the South loses their rights to slavery then the

Tax memo Financial Alternatives Example

Essays on Tax memo: Financial Alternatives Coursework Financial Alternatives Financial Alternatives Facts Cecile one of the big shareholder, invests $100,000 for a sole ownership of stock in an S corporation. New food product development is ongoing in the corporation and Cecile expects that the business plan requires approximately $200,000 in capital, this will only be possible if all other prospected trades payable. The first $100,000 of this total is to come from Ceciles contributed capital while the remaining $100,000 of funds will come from other sources including: a. Corporation borrowing from local banks b. Borrowing from her late husband’s real estates c. Borrowing from personal corporation funds From all the borrowed money, the corporation should pay interest at a rate accepted within each type of borrowing. Therefore, each of the borrowing mechanism deployed above, will attract different interest rates to the capital and the business itself including the accrued profit (Damodaran, 2012). For instance, personal income usually attract different tax rates and taxing systems compared to corporate financial incomes. Taxing Cecil’s Capital Contribution The cost of organizational capital is usually defined the cost that is payable in raising the funds and they include loaning from issuing bonds and bank loans. Such terms of loans are usually attract annual percentage. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) which is expressed as the arithmetic average of each source of capital by proportion of funding obtained from each source. Therefore; the borrowing from personal corporation funds will be taxed as ratio of the amount of each contributor. Nonetheless, such taxes are deducted on annual basis (Stickney, 2010). Moreover, it is worth noting that all these including Borrowing from her late husband’s real estate contributes to cost of debt and all these are subject to annual taxation. The following rates and taxes will be incurred respective of each type and form of capital sources as was accrued by Cecile for her business. The yields of bonds before and after tax on the $100,000 pretax Organizational capital and personal corporation funds Federal interest before tax After tax Taxable loan $100,000 $69,200 Tax exemption $75,800 $75,000 Subsidy tax rate from Federal $40,800 Interest saving from S L 24,200 Windfall to Cecil $16,600 Percentage of windfall 41 % Capital from bank Before tax interest After tax interest Taxable amount $100,000 $65,000 Tax exempts $75,800 $75,800 Subsidy from the federal taxation unit $35,000 Savings from the S $ L $24,200 Windfall to Cecil $10,800 Percentage windfall 31% From the above calculations, it is apparent that different sources of income attract different taxation rates. In essence, funds obtained from bank and other financial institutions usually attract low tax rates compared to funds obtained from personal incomes. Therefore, it would be highly profiting for Cecil to obtain her capital from banks and other financial institutions that she does not have direct effect or contribution (Damodaran, 2012). However, the government usually give large subsidies to personal funds before taxing than on loan, but the same does not set off the interest rates attracted or subjected on these funds. Hence, I strongly recommend for Cecil to consider borrowing her capital from institutions that will lead her to minimal taxation as opposed to personal funds that will never be profitable for he business (Stickney, 2010). References Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Stickney, C. P. (2010). Financial accounting: An introduction to concepts, methods, and uses. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning.

Technical and Policy Recommendations †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Technical and Policy Recommendations. Answer: Introduction Australia has been rated as top five countries in the organisation for economic co-operation and development with improved better life, (OECD, 2012); it is generally ranked third world wide in quality of life category. Melbourne city was ranked among the best cities with liveable status, however in the recent year there has been rise in the population among the families with children in the high density regions of the city, (OSDM, 2009). The proportion of the population is the Aboriginals or Torres Strait Islander. Overcrowding accompanied with poor living conditions have been studied to cause tremendous health effects associated with various occurrence of diseases which affect the quality of life, with this view this Assesment is analysing the health assessments for the people of Melbourne city Australia. Developmental changes brought about by urbanisation have led to growth in emergence in cities and towns globally. Growth in cities has seen increase for the appetite in development in the housing sector. The increased population has been associated with to environmental, occupational and sharp increase in the population of city and urban dwellers, (Liu, 2015). The major shift in migration of people in the cities has led to economic benefits on the flip side and has caused problems to other people. The middle class people have, they have benefited from the growing incomes of the and increased amount of leisure time they receive. Expansion of the city has led to major demand in the need for goods and commodities, in the stores departments. The migration shift has been termed with the lure of the thousands of people for property and hope of finding labour and wage for their families. For the larger portion of the urban poor living in the city there has been decreased quality of life, co upled with overcrowding, inadequate water activities, poor street connections too many more associated challenges. In UK, approximately 5% and 2.5% households stay in the heavily populated places, this statistic are higher than what were there a decade ago, (Walsh, Bendel, Jones Hunlon, 2010). Overcrowding has been observed to take shape in social rented houses compared with home owner houses. The wave of immigration in cities has led to wave in spike in the population. In Australia, the population increase in the urban set up has led to recognisance by the health and housing official. There have been efforts to reduce the risks and problems associated with the housing problem. It has taken an initiative to improve the housing conditions for the achievement of improving the native health, education and raising employment in order to raise the shortfall amongst the inhabitants of the city. Action has been witnessed under the banner of National Indigenous Reform Agreement, with an aim of reducing the overcrowding in the city. The objectives by this auspice is to significantly reduce the overcrowding , homelessness, poor housing conditions in order to minimise the severe shortage of houses witnessed in the indigenous communities and the overall population in Australia. Hazard and exposure assessment The initiative to address public health safety matter in urban canter has taken shape with an aim of promoting the safety of the population. Crowding in the city has led to increase in the risk of spread of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, meningococcal diseases and respiratory infections. Mental health is another factor in health associated risks of overcrowding in urban places. Access to safe housing unit called home is necessary for provision of shelter, offers the needed psychological and physical necessity for identification and a place where to relax and enjoy. The fear of of isolation has led to shift in social patterns by making families in the urban dwellings to especially in the crowded environments to seek safety and security at homes. The occurrence of chronic disease as health risk has been associated with overcrowd and poor housing state in the urban areas. In the recent years, epidemiological studies have linked poor hosing standards with elevated risks of chronic dieses such as asthma, cold, moody showing and chronic respiratory diseases. This health risks have shown to persist even when confounding factors such as smoking, crowding and unemployment are kept constant, Walsh et al., 2010). Dumpy houses have shown to inhabit living organisms such as mites, cockroaches, respiratory viruses and moulds which have significant impacts on the healths of the people, (Krieger Higgins, 2009). Poor hosing structures and units have been associated with injury occurrence. The designing of homes in the overcrowding populous has led to prevalence of injuries, (Erasmus, 2010). The designs in houses have been associated occurrence of burns and falls. Substandard housing has taken effect with increase in injury including exposure to heights, slippery terrains and floors and unplanned building designs due to overpopulation among others, and even inadequate lighting system. The body of knowledge has increasingly increase studies as to the relation of housing and population increase in urban cities with rise in infectious disease. (IOM, 2004; WHO, 2009) Dampness and moistures present in poor housings have been shown to have adverse effects. Most common characteristics include coughs, and sneezes. Characteristics of low standard housing units, absence of safe water, poor disposal of water and lack of food storage for food has led to the presence of infectious diseases. Overdoing has been associated with tuber closes and the disease of the respiratory tract, (Savitha et al., 2007). The world of research has grown with great strides on the association of health and the housing structure. The evidence obtained from these studies has formed the basis for offering primary prevention practices for the living condition soft the people concerned. The re-emergence of infectious diseases has posed a challenged to the global health networking and endangers the livelihoods of millions of people living in urban centres worldwide. In Melbourne, Australia, overcrowding has led to emergence the number of families with school going children living in the smaller housing units thus putting them at risk for infectious diseases. Evidence has shown that overcrowding imposing units lead is to households accidents and increased risks for transmission of air borne diseases like pneumonia and tuber closes. There is presence of vectors and hosts of disease are associated with unsafe environment for living. It is characterised by the presence of poor housing quality and standards and is often accompanied with contaminated water supply, harmful waste disposal rodent infestation all which are the main contributors for the rise and occurrence of infectious risks. Overcrowding in tenants housing has led to transfer of infectious diseases to people. Tuberculosis has been the major infectious disease which has been found to have prevalence in densely populated places. The design and structure of houses in the Melbourne city have been found to have more exposure to heat, which causes irritation and social intolerance. The dummy environment characterise with presence of mould in the buildings in Melbourne city have been found to affect anxiety and depression conditions. (Brown, Smith Kirkland, 2016). Dampness is significantly associated with poorer mental health, (Migita, Yangi Tomura, 2005). Studies conducted in other regions like London have shown that crowding affects the mental state of the body. Poor and substandard infrastructures for children have been shown to display behavioural patterns among children. Poor standard of living has led to isolation socially and the occupants in these houses are reluctant to invite guests into their homes, (Krieger Higgins, 2009). Homes should provide safe haven necessary for shelter and comfort. Injuries can be in forms of burns, foreign objects and fire related injuries, falls among others. Home injuries are posing great danger to safety standards worldwide currently. House hold related injuries are important in that they are related to building designs and apartment designs in Melbourne. With advancement of literature, injuries have been minimised with the use of ergonomic standards, burden of injuries in the urban densely populate d areas have seen the occurrence of fires and falls, (Jacobs, Baeder, 2009). Exposure risks associated with housing having conditions have reviewed the risks of getting injury. Reviews have been done for houses which needed implementation by providing evaluation for implementation. Exposures associated to injuries at home include those with sufficient evidence and the include; Smoke alarms installations in buildings Poll fence Safe temperature for pre-set safe. Evidence which have shown to need more evaluation includes; Prevention of falls injury by rails, hand grabbers, window and improved lighting. Temperature control appliances Ignitions which are ,safe Modification of the homes to provide safe escape routes Factors which need formative research include; In case of fire in these building , what are the exit strategies, improved alarm systems Carbon monoxide exposure through design and engineering Enforcement of building regulations and codes The epidemiology of injury occurrences has given insightful thoughts about effective measures. Children are often prone to injuries as they often experience falls from heights and rough terrain the urban set up. Injuries burden have been observed to take e tool order on injury hazards such as poor lighting, slippery surfaces and associated ergonomics which are poorly designed. In this case there is a likely hood of exposure and hazards occurrence at the urban environment. (Keall et al., 2008). Poisoning has been largely been observed in the urban as the lack of enough space leads to cross contamination of food systems. It is the third largest injury affecting children. Currently the high portion of death is observed among the children according to WHO report; especially those aged 0.19 years have died due to poisoning they consume. This is careful consideration and identification for examining the risks associated on what could cause harm to the people of Melbourne City. The risk Assesment is essential for in identifying significant risks which are associated with the emergence of huge population in currently encountered. For an effective Assesment plan helps to minimise injuries and associated risks. In this consideration, the following parameters are observed; Identifying hazards Targeted population Risk evaluation Finding recording Reviewing Assesment and taking necessary action In order to critically evaluate the health environmental assessment associated with the overcrowding and the living conditions, a risk Assesment illustrates the risks associated below; What are the hazards? What are the risks? Who might be harmed What control measures are required to eliminate or reduce the risks? Risk Evaluation Risk Rating Consequence (1 3) Likelihood (1 3) Overall risk (C x L) Low, Medium or High Noise Damage to ear Inhabitants of the city Limiting exposure 1 2 2 Low Slippery falls Injury to the body Children at more risk Clearing pathways 3 3 3 High Extreme heat Retarded growth General inhabitants Redesigning of houses 5 2 3 high Lighting Eye problems General residence Opening access to lighting 4 3 3 Medium Fire burns property Put in place safety measures 4 3 4 High Falling objects Breakage injury Harm to inhabitant Safety precautions 3 3 3 medium Movement Restricted General public Opening access of roads network 2 2 2 High Disease exposure Mortality and hospital cost General however children at more risk Minimizing the diseases risks 6 3 4 High Fires Property damage Displacement and loss of shelter Putting safety measures and ease congestion 5 3 4 High Falling walls Risky to the people General public Building structure redesigning 4 3 3 Medium Established risk matrix plan 2. RISK MATRIX Potential consequence of harm 1 Minor Injury - Exposure hazrd could cause damage 2 Significant Injury -it signies that an injury can occur faster 3 Major Injury -hazrd is mirtal and has signifiucant damage Likelihood of harm 1 Unlikely -occuring of injury is insignificant 1 Low 2 Low 3 Medium 2 Possible -possibility of injury 2 Low 4 Medium 6 High 3 Probable -likelyhood of injury 3 Medium 6 High 9 Extreme Risk management plan The environment around Melbourne City is tremendously affected with over population and extreme living conditions, which have significant damage on the health status of the livelihoods of the people. The effects have been extended to the physical activity and social life of the residence, thus endangering the health status of the people. There measurement tools for the city, have to be realigned to meet this need and provide corrective measures for the problem encountered. Guidelines for cities and regulations are essential for being benchmark for planning, (Srinivasan, Fallon Darron, 2003). The impacts of the inadequate housing have effects on the environment, in institution such as noise polluting which affect social wellbeing of the residence. Provision of quality housing to the residents of Melbourne city is crucial in implementing the environmental health plan. The policy initiative should be geared towards promoting safe housing conditions, with safe environment which offers a level of satisfaction to lower the risks of injury and exposure to the inhabitants. There following measures can be initiated; Distribution of affordable housing uinitts through rpvising iof difernt pricing mix to enable the residents has access at affordable process. Conducting public safety awareness with an aim of reducing the injury occurrence and to eliminate the negative effects associated with the environment. Application of mix use of development which enables the residential and commercial house to be in proximal together which increase the value of the property in the urban set up to abide to foster social capital and increase the likelihood to improve the safety standards for the general health. Building collaboration and inter sector planning The relevance of building alliance with various departments that forms the web, with an attempt to solve the community issue should given priority. (Krieger Higgins, 2009).). In implementing the reform needed in this plan of action there is need for public health approach which builds network based approach by involving other players in this field. A case example is that, in order for revision of the guidelines of housing codes and regulations requires the agencies responsible in Melbourne city to build collaboration with other stakeholders like the tenants, community social groups and advocacy networks, housing organizations and community mobilization networks, landlords and the urban planners responsible. In this important to involve the public health officials in the process in the planning phase, they assist in consultation for housing developers. Studies have found out that their involvement yields utilization of health assessment reports. They play crucial role in formulation of polices and are effective in designing healthy living environments for the city. The official in the public health arena build collaboration with the community based advocate initiatives and offer technical assistance. The health planners should be at the forefront in advocating the implementation of policies and regulations for effective and affordable care in accessing healthy living environments and advocating against unhealthy housing units. Other possible arenas which are of help in this case are expansion of medical care access, providing security to the city residents and provision of compensation plans inform of rental vouchers to the low social-economic status group. Maintenance and provision of health to the population is key towards achieving healthy community. The residents in Melbourne city are faced with critical aspect of providing adequate housing units for the residents in order to minimize health associated risks which include mental heat, reduction of injuries and reduction of infection diseases. The gap created should be mitigated with every measure possible to secure the health of the residents of Melbourne city. References Activities 2009: A report of the Spatial Data Management Group, Office of Spatial Data Management, Canberra. Online accesed on 16/5/2017 www.crcsi.com.au/assets/Resources/308f1617-f413-4f36-9979-8bf9d2e5f813.pdf Bornehag, C. G., Blomquist, G., Gyntelberg, F., Jarvholm, B., Malmberg, P., Nordvall, L., Sundell, J. (2001). Dampness in buildings and health. Indoor air, 11(2), 72-86. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan_Sundell2/publication/11945453_Nordic_Interdisciplinary_Review_of_the_Scientific_Evidence_on_Associations_Between_Exposure_to_Dampness_in_Buildings_and_Health_Efefts_NORDDAMP/links/5641c54908aebaaea1f86bcf.pdf Brown, M., Smith, M., Kirkland, M. (2016). Monitoring Heat Injuries in a Hazmat Environment. Current Psychiatry, 33(2), 24-29. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Brown%2C+M.%2C+Smith%2C+M.%2C+%26+Kirkland%2C+M.+%282016%29.+Monitoring+Heat+Injuries+in+a+Hazmat+Environment.+Current+Psychiatry%2C+33%282%29%2C+24-29.btnG=hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5 Erasmus, C. J. (2010). Impact Of Low Cost Housing On The Perceived Quality Of Life And Well-Being Of Its Occupants. Nurture, 4(1), 26. https://search.proquest.com/openview/8d0bbc4a7e6b8a9d6e0fe72c50e63486/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=51697 Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2004). Damp Indoor Spaces and Health. Washington D.C., The National Academies Press https://www.nap.edu/catalog/11011/damp-indoor-spaces-and-health Krieger, J., Higgins, D. L. (2009). Housing is an important determinant of health, and substandard housing is amajor public health issue. 1 Each year in the United States, 13.5 million nonfatal injuries occur in and around the home, 2 2900 people die in house fires, 3. Urban Health, 101. https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=enlr=id=Kc8ITLziv1YCoi=fndpg=PA101dq=Krieger,+J.,+%26+Higgins,+D.+L.+(2009).+Housing+is+an+important+determinant+of+health,+and+substandard+housing+is+amajor+public+health+issue.+1+Each+year+in+the+United+States,+13.5+million+nonfatal+injuries+occur+in+and+around+the+home,+2+2900+people+die+in+ots=B58Gnrte-5sig=kK8sFDAlbK1_D7ZCfA5NPgCBhsgredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false Migita, R., Yanagi, H., Tomura, S. (2005). Factors affecting the mental health of residents in a communal-housing project for seniors in Japan. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 41(1), 1-14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016749430400189X OECD Green Growth Studies, OECD Publishing. https:// www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/ compact-city-policies_9789264167865-en [Accessed 16 May 2017] www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/oecd-green-growth-studies_22229523 Office of Spatial Data Management (OSDM) 2009, Australian Government Spatial Data catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4584287 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2012, Compact City Policies: A Comparative Assessment www.oecd.org Green growth and sustainable development Savitha, M. R., Nandeeshwara, S. B., Kumar, M. P., Raju, C. K. (2007). Modifiable risk factors for acute lower respiratory tract infections. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 74(5), 477-482. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12098-007-0081-3 Srinivasan S, O'Fallon LR, Dearry A. Creating healthy communities, healthy homes, and healthy people: Initiating a research agenda on the built environment and public health. Am J Public Health, 2003;93(9):1446-1450. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1446 Tao, L. W. (2015). The drawbacks of housing overcrowding characteristic to rural migrants life in Beijing. HBRC Journal. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687404815000711 Walsh, D., Bendel, N., Jones, R., Hanlon, P. (2010). It's not just deprivation: why do equally deprived UK cities experience different health outcomes?. Public health, 124(9), 487-495. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350610000338 WHO (2009). Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe. Accessed online on 16/05/2017, https: www.who.int/indoorair/publications/7989289041683/en/ WHO (2010). Technical and policy recommendations to reduce health risks due to dampness and mould. Accessed online on 16/05/2017, https: www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/121425/E92998.pd

Two Cities Paris and Washington free essay sample

However, anyone who has seen Paris and Washington knows that this is possible. The two cites differ in age and population, but they share many similarities. Between these two cities, the differences are very slight. Paris is older than Washington. It is over 2,000 years old. Washington, in contrast, is very young. It is about 200 years old. The population of Paris (2. 500. 000) is also much larger than Washington’s population (1,000,000).Although these important differences exist, the cities are strikingly similar. First, both cities are the political centers of their countries. The president of France lives in the heart of Paris, in the Elysee Palace. Likewise, the president of the United States lives in the heart of Washington, in the White House. The French National Assembly meets in Paris, in the Palais Bourbon. The Congress of the United States has its meeting place in Washington, in the Capitol Building. Second, the two cities look similar. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Cities: Paris and Washington or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page L’Enfant, the French engineer who designed Washington, was greatly influenced by the layout of Paris. For this reason, many of the buildings and monuments in Washington are symmetrically located in view of one another, just as they are in Paris. Both cities are also the sites of magnificent monuments like important historical landmarks, fine museums, beautiful parks, and broad, tree-lined avenues. Finally, tourism is as important for Washington as it is for Paris. Every year, millions of tourists from all over the world flock to these cities. In conclusion, Paris and Washington share numerous similarities. Besides being political and tourist centers, the cities have a similar look. TWO placesIn Morelia, families leave church and go for a walk along Moreda Street on Sunday afternoon. Often people stop at an outdoor cafe and have an ice cream or coffee and watch people walk by. Now that I live in Houston, Willowbrook Mall is the place where I go to see people on Sundays for their afternoon walk. I sit in a food court where I can drink a coffee with my friend, as I watch teenagers and families walking through the mall. When I see them, I remember how life was when I was a child. Despite their similarities, Moreda Street and Willowbrook Mall are very different. Willowbrook Mall is more modern.On the one hand, Moreda Street has old colonial buildings and beautiful old trees that shade the street. It is also quiet. On the other hand, Willowbrook Mall is new and the lights are bright, and loud music plays in the stores. The people on Moreda Street also have more traditional ways. Men wear attractive, conservative suits and women wear light summer dresses. Fathers watch their teenage daughters closely and do not let their daughters hold hands with boys. In contrast, many teenagers go to Willowbrook Mall without their parents, and boyfriends and girlfriends walk with their arms around each other.When I see them, I realize that my daughter will have a different experience growing up in Houston than I did in Moreda. Then, I worry about her, and I miss Moreda Street, where life is more traditional. It is interesting to see how people and places from different countries can be similar and different at the same time. Moreda Street and Willowbrook Mall are very different in appearance and culture, but they are also similar because they are both places where people like to go to relax on a Sunday afternoon. (Effective Academic Writing 2: The Short Essay) TWO COUNTRIES Compare Contrast Japan and the United States

Argumentative speech Essays

Argumentative speech Essays Argumentative speech Essay Argumentative speech Essay Essay Topic: Argumentative Formal Outline: Argumentative Exercise Topic: The inclusion of electronic cigarettes in Idaho State Universitys smoking ban. General Purpose: To Argue Specific Purpose: To convince the audience that Idaho State University should not include electronic cigarettes in its smoking ban. Thesis Statement: Electronic cigarettes should not be included in Idaho State Universitys smoking ban because: (1) the use of electronic cigarettes helps smokers quit smoking; (2) electronic cigarettes are a cheaper alternative to tobacco; (3) electronic cigarettes do not pose any health risks to bystanders from second hand smoke. Introduction I. Attention getter ] Are you truly concerned about your health? II. [ Topic justification ] Recently, Idaho State University has put in place a smoking ban on campus that includes electronic cigarettes. A. Although they cannot be marketed as a smoking cessation device, electronic cigarettes help users quit smoking. B. Idaho State President Arthur Vailas says the policy is consistent with our focus on health and wellness. ( Idaho State Tribune, 2013) C. I will argue that electronic cigarettes do not impose any unwanted health risks to non-smokers and should not be included in the ban. Ill. [ Credibility statement ]My name is Cameron. I was a smoker for over twenty years. A. Electronic cigarettes provided me a safer alternative to tobacco. B. I did not have to quit cold turkey. C. I would not be smoke free today if it wasnt for electronic cigarettes. D. I have tried nicotine patches, pharmaceuticals, and lozenges. IV. [Thesis statement ] Idaho State University should not include electronic cigarettes in the smoking ban. A. First, electronic cigarettes can help smokers quit smoking. B. Secondly, Electronic cigarettes are by far, a cheaper alternative to tobacco. C. Lastly, despite the oppositions claim, electronic cigarettes do not pose any health risks to non-smokers hrough second hand smoke. Transition: Many organizations and businesses offer people ways to help them quit smoking. Although electronic cigarettes are not to be marketed as helping people to quit smoking, they have been studied and proven to be an effective alternative, which is my first argument. Body l. [Constructive argument] Electronic cigarettes have been proven to help smokers quit smoking Just as effectively if not more, than patches. A. A study in New Zealand, reported that after six months of study, electronic cigarettes had a quit rate of 7. 3% versus 5. 8% of those that were given patches (Simon, cancer. rg, Sept 2013). 1 . The test was given to 657 smokers. 2. Study lasted for six months B. Using e-cigarettes cuts mean consumption by two cigarettes per day more than the patch (Phend, MedPagetoday, Sept 2013). Transition: So you can see that studies have proven that e-cigs are a reliable method of smoking cessation. My second argument will snow now e-cigs are a more inexpensive way to quit smoking. II [Constructive argument] Using electronic cigarettes is by far a cheaper avenue to go down than using pharmaceuticals or nicotine patches. A. At Walgreens, their generic box of 170 pieces of nicotine gum costs $49. 9(walgreens. com Oct 2013). 1 . Recommended dosage is at least 9 pieces a day for the first six weeks. 2. In an average month, a user can expect to consume roughly a box and a half costing about $75. 00. B. For $65. 00, an e-cig user can purchase 250 ml of Juice (ecblendflavors. com Sept 2013). 1. Average users have a consumption of 3-4 ml per day (International Journal of Environmental research and public health, 2013). . For the $65. 00 spent, a user is supplied for nearly 63 days. Transition: It is easy to see that quitting smoking with electronic cigarettes is cheaper than conventional methods of quitting. Lastly, I will address the argument of those who oppose not including e-cigs in the ban. Ill. [Refutative argument] Those who support the ban of electronic cigaret tes on campus say that it poses a health risk to non-smokers, I have two reasons to disagree with that. A. [Attack the evidence] My first reason to not agree that e-cigs impose a health risk to non-smokers, is a basic lack of evidence to support the claim. . In October of 2012, The Center for Air Resources Science and Engineering, from Clarkston University in New York, took part in a study to test the emitted vapor of electronic igarettes (informahealthcare. com Oct, 2012). a. The study was done in a small room. b. Found no apparent risk to human health. propylene 2. The main ingredient in the electronic cigarette liquid is glycol (ecblendflavorshop. com) a. Also the main ingredient in fog machines. b. Has been approved by the FDA as a safe ingredient for food and medicine since 1973(U. S. Food and Drug Administration 2006) B. Attack reasoning] Secondly I have to disagree with the ban of electronic cigarettes, because they impose a health risk from second hand smoke, is the fact tha t if they pose no risk in a small enclosed oom, then they surely dont pose a risk outdoors. C. [Denial] Finally, I disagree that electronic cigarettes pose a risk to non-smokers from second hand smoke simply because there is no second hand smoke. C. I . 1 . Traditional cigarettes require the user to burn the tobacco. C. I . 1 . a. This produces a constant stream of smoke full of carcinogens. C. I . 1 . b. The smell lingers in the air and tends to stay around for long periods of time. C. I . 2. Electronic cigarettes do not burn anything. C. I . 2. a. The vapor is atomized on a coil through a positive and negative charge. C. 1 . 2. b. There is no constant source of fumes. D. [Impact statement] To summarize all this information, electronic cigarettes pose no significant health risk to non-smokers rather provide an effective alternative to help users quit. Transition: It is apparent that the usage of electronic cigarettes in fact do not impose any significant health risk to non-smokers. I would like to go back over the reasons that Idaho State University should not include them in the smoking ban on campus. Conclusion l. [Summary of main ideas] I have given you three reasons that Idaho State University should not include electronic cigarettes in the smoking ban. A. First reason is, e-cigs ave been proven as ettective, it not more, than other means ot helping users quit smoking. B. Second, I sowed you how much cheaper it is to pursue electronic cigarettes over the other means of quitting. C. Third, I talked about how in fact, there are no significant health risks from second hand smoke of electronic cigarettes. II. [Closing statement] I am not saying I think that the campus should be a smoking campus, I am simply stating that the university should not include electronic cigarettes into the ban. Idaho State Latest Campus to Adapt Smoking Ban Idaho Press Tribune. Idaho Press Tribune, Aug 25 2012. idahopress. com/news/ state/idaho-state-latest-campus-to-adopt-smoking-ban. Web. Oct 24 2013. Simon, Stacey. Study Compares E-cigarettes to Quit-smoking Aids American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society, Sept 10 2013. cancer. rg/cancer/news/ studycomparese-cigarettestoquit-smokingaids. Web. Oct 18 2013. Phend, Crystal. E-cigarette Might Help Smoker Quit MedPage Today. MedPage Today. Sept 7 2013. medpagetoday. com/MeetingCoverage/ERS/41439. web. oct 18 2013. Walgreens Nicotine Gum, 4 mg Original Walgreens Pharmacy. Walgreens Pharmacy. walgreens. om/store/c/walgreens-nicotine-gum%2c-4-mg-original/ ID=prod1650107-product. web. oct 25 2013. 7 Leaf Tobacco Blend EC Blend. ecblendflavors. com. ec blendflavors. com/ 7-leaf-tobacco-blend-eliquid-flavor/. Web. Oct 29 2013. Environ, J. Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) Topography and Estimation of Liquid Consumption: Implications for Research Protocol Standards Definition and for Public Health Authorities Regulation International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013. www. mdpi. com/Journal/iJerph. Web. Oct 15 2013. T. R. McAuley, P. K. Hopke, J. Zhao, S. Babaian. Comparison of the effects Ofe- cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality. Informa Healthcare. October 2012. http:mnformahealthcare. om/douabs/10. 3109/08958378. 2012. 724728. web. oct 25 2013 Propylene Glycol FDA. United States Food and Drug Administration. 1973. http:// www. accessdata. fda. goWscripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation. cfm? web. oct 25 2013. Enthymemes Categorical Enthymeme Major Premise: Smoking has second hand negative side effects. Minor Premise: Electronic Cigarettes are a form of smoking. Conclusion: Electronic Cigarettes nave negative side ettects T 1 . The term s are in the correct place. Major term (negative side effects) is in the major premise and the conclusion. Minor term (Electronic Cigarettes) is in the minor premise and the conclusion. Middle term (smoking) is in the major and minor premise. 2. The middle term is used in its universal sense. 3. Both the major premise and the conclusion are negative. Major Premise: Second hand smoke causes health risks to non-smokers. Minor premise: Electronic Cigarettes produce second hand smoke. Conclusion: Electronic Cigarettes cause health risks to non-smokers. Tests: 1. Each term is used twice. 2. The conclusion is negative following the major premise. 3. Only three terms appear.

Feldspar Distinctions, Characteristics Identification

Feldspar Distinctions, Characteristics Identification Feldspars are a group of closely related minerals that together are the most abundant mineral in the Earths crust. A thorough knowledge of the feldspars is what separates geologists from the rest of us. How to Tell Feldspar Feldspars are hard minerals, all of them with a hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale. This lies between the hardness of a steel knife (5.5) and the hardness of quartz (7). In fact, feldspar is the standard for hardness 6 in the Mohs scale. Feldspars usually are white or nearly white, though they may be clear or light shades of orange or buff. They usually have a glassy luster. Feldspar is called a rock-forming mineral, very common, and usually makes up a large part of the rock. In sum, any glassy mineral thats slightly softer than quartz is very likely considered a feldspar. The main mineral that might be confused with feldspar is quartz. Besides hardness, the biggest difference is how the two minerals break. Quartz breaks in curvy and irregular shapes (conchoidal fracture). Feldspar, however, breaks readily along flat faces, a property called cleavage. As you turn a piece of rock in the light, quartz glitters and feldspar flashes. Other differences: quartz is usually clear and feldspar is usually cloudy. Quartz appears in crystals more commonly than feldspar, and the six-sided spears of quartz are very different from the generally blocky crystals of feldspar. What Kind of Feldspar? For general purposes, like picking granite for a countertop, it doesnt matter what type of feldspar is in a rock. For geological purposes, feldspars are quite important. For rockhounds without laboratories, its enough to be able to tell the two main types of feldspar, plagioclase (PLADGE-yo-clays) feldspar and alkali feldspar. The one thing about plagioclase thats usually different is that its broken faces- its cleavage planes- almost always have fine parallel lines across them. These striations are signs of crystal twinning. Each plagioclase grain, in reality, is typically a stack of thin crystals, each with its molecules arranged in opposite directions. Plagioclase has a color range from white to dark gray, and its typically translucent. Alkali feldspar (also called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar) has a color range from white to brick-red, and its typically opaque. Many rocks have both feldspars, like granite. Cases like that are helpful for learning to tell the feldspars apart. The differences can be subtle and confusing. Thats because the chemical formulas for the feldspars blend smoothly into each other. Feldspar Formulas and Structure What is common to all the feldspars is the same arrangement of atoms, a framework arrangement, and one basic chemical recipe, a silicate (silicon plus oxygen) recipe. Quartz is another framework silicate, consisting only of oxygen and silicon, but feldspar has various other metals partly replacing the silicon. The basic feldspar recipe is X(Al,Si)4O8, where X stands for Na, K, or Ca. The exact composition of the various feldspar minerals depends on what elements balance the oxygen, which has two bonds to fill (remember H2O?). Silicon makes four chemical bonds with oxygen; that is, its tetravalent. Aluminum makes three bonds (trivalent), calcium makes two (divalent) and sodium and potassium make one (monovalent). So the identity of X depends on how many bonds are needed to make up the total of 16. One Al leaves one bond for Na or K to fill. Two Als leaves two bonds for Ca to fill. So there are two different mixtures that are possible in the feldspars, a sodium-potassium series and a sodium-calcium series. The first is alkali feldspar and the second is plagioclase feldspar. Alkali Feldspar in Detail Alkali feldspar has the formula KAlSi3O8, potassium aluminosilicate. The formula actually is a blend ranging from all sodium (albite) to all potassium (microcline), but albite is also one endpoint in the plagioclase series so we classify it there. This mineral is often called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar because potassium always exceeds sodium in its formula. Potassium feldspar comes in three different crystal structures that depend on the temperature it formed at. Microcline is the stable form below about 400 C. Orthoclase and sanidine are stable above 500 C and 900 C, respectively. Outside the geological community, only dedicated mineral collectors can tell these apart. But a deep green variety of microcline called amazonite stands out in a pretty homogeneous field. The color is from the presence of lead. The high potassium content and high strength of K-feldspar make it the best mineral for potassium-argon dating. Alkali feldspar is a crucial ingredient in glass and pottery glazes. Microcline has a minor use as an abrasive mineral. Plagioclase in Detail Plagioclase ranges in composition from Na[AlSi3O8] to calcium Ca[Al2Si2O8], or sodium to calcium aluminosilicate. Pure Na[AlSi3O8] is albite, and pure Ca[Al2Si2O8] is anorthite. The plagioclase feldspars are named according to the following scheme, where the numbers are the percentage of calcium expressed as anorthite (An): Albite (An 0–10)Oligoclase (An 10–30)Andesine (An 30–50)Labradorite (An 50–70)Bytownite (An 70–90)Anorthite (An 90–100) The geologist distinguishes these under the microscope. One way is to determine the minerals density by putting crushed grains in immersion oils of different densities. (Albites specific gravity is 2.62, anorthites is 2.74, and the others fall in between.) The really precise way is to use thin sections to determine the optical properties along the different crystallographic axes. The amateur has a few clues. An iridescent play of light can result from optical interference inside some feldspars. In labradorite, it often has a dazzling blue hue called labradorescence. If you see that its a sure thing. Bytownite and anorthite are rather rare and unlikely to be seen. An unusual igneous rock consisting of only plagioclase is called anorthosite. A noteworthy occurrence is in New Yorks Adirondack Mountains; another one is the Moon.

Greek methodology's effects on ancient socialization Essay

Greek methodology's effects on ancient socialization - Essay Example Greek mythology has heavily influenced their culture and socialization, especially when it comes in their sexual beliefs, may it be having a patriarchal society, or just their plain sexual norms. Myths are actually the beliefs of people what are subtly disguised as a form of literature. In fact, because so much of these myths are creation stories, many of people believe that most myths are factual. Greek mythology is quite sexual in nature. Then again, sexual identity is very cultural as well, as our sense of self is rooted in sexual mythology as well. This is because the sexuality of a society is cleverly reflected in their literature. Sex is actually the core of culture. This is ironic considering the mainstream Western belief actually makes sex taboo, even sacred. Many of these Western societies believe that sexuality comes from the individual as it is a private subject. Ironically, sex is the core of every culture. Consider this, without sex or reproduction for that matter, there would be no culture, society, religion, art, etc. Basically there would be nothing if sex is not in the picture. And as evolved creatures, humans are programmed to reproduce. Christians believe in the story of Genesis. In Genesis, the creation of the world and man and woman is the plot of the story. In it, the first two people were Adam and Eve, and Eve was made from Adam’s flesh, making Eve a mere second-class citizen. But in other myths, specifically in the Talmud, before Eve came Lilith. Lilith here was the first wife of Adam. And unlike Eve, she was made from dust, like Adam. She was also one of the wives of Satan, but because she was deemed â€Å"wild†, she left Satan and joined Adam. Their coupling was also deemed to be unfit for longevity because Lilith demanded equality with Adam. It is a logical wish since Lilith came from the same dust where Adam came from. Adam opposed this and they fought; Lilith left and proceeded to live in air. Adam prayed to God

Plz see the attachment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Plz see the attachment - Research Paper Example The legacy of feminism laid a very positive impact on the lives of women around the globe. Awareness campaign started in all the major countries and most of its impact was observed in developed countries such as Canada, Australia, USA, UK etc. However men were not given proper time by the so called feminist women. In the name of moderation, women were not able to sexually satisfy men. Thus the sexual health of men went down by the passage of time and they were not able to satisfy their wants after hectic day at work. A large community of men faced this problem. This was a big dilemma for all the men living in developed countries. Eventually this gave rise to antifeminist and men rights protection movements. These movements never got an overwhelming reception but still the issue was highlighted on different forums. Critique & Arguments A strong set of arguments can be found at both ends. (Roosh) is of the view point that feminism has made women out of their minds. They are trying to e njoy every fruit of life just because their rights were violated previously. The justification made by these women is unacceptable and illogical. They want to grab all the societal benefits and bring the best out of everything. The viewpoint which is prevailing throughout the majority of women is that they have succeeded in their goals and now it’s the time to enjoy. Even today if a woman is unable to get good grades or a good job then she eventually blames the society, especially men. They think that men are the barriers between their success, in fact problem lies within themselves. Sex as an advantage is used by most of the women. Their monetary and materialistic desires need to be fulfilled first, than they would be available to have sex. Sex is used as a proper bargaining tool making men life miserable. If men are not getting their sexual demands than eventually they will go for other options. Family lives are totally ruined, children are spoiled due to no interest of wom en at home. Gone are the days when women stayed back home so that their children would get attention. Women these day’s have a simple focus, to beat men in every area. Killing of babies is a common practice; abortion is considered an ordinary thing by women (Melissa). The statistical figures are quite astonishing as men have really believed that they have lost their role in the society. Men consider themselves as a second class citizen now. The race of who gets paid more is now is in. The role which apparently men had in the 20th century cannot be seen anymore due to women rapid dominance in the world. This century has given women empowerment at extreme. Historically men had the role as a provider of the house, the ultimate thing but now tables have turned over. There are no more cherishing talks on the dining table and no more men dominance. Figures show that 82% men are sure that their role in the society which previously had is totally demolished. 52% men are certain that women rule will be sooner there in the world (Boycott). (Dhaliwal) states that eminent role of men has been clean swept and male are under the direct influence of women. He quoted one of the incident in which a woman with a diamond ring and having a successful career was with a nerdy looking guy which was for sure not that successful. The depiction of both the entities gave a clear indication that man was under

Patient’s history Essay Example for Free

Patient’s history Essay Nursing Diagnosis 1: Inadequate nutrition Debbie’s nutrition is not adequate for her age, as well as her weight. Due to frequent nausea/vomiting, emotional distress she lost weight. Her weight is less ( 89 pounds) compared to her usual weight ( 110 pounds). The assessment and management of weight is a major preoccupation in contemporary healthcare. Clinical interventions focus on achieving energy balance deficit and are premised on claims that excess weight/fatness (body mass index (BMI) 25) is a significant direct cause of morbidity and mortality and, correspondingly, that weight loss in fat (overweight or obese) people will reduce risk and/or improve health outcomes. (Aphramor, 2010). Desired Outcome 1 Desired Outcome 2 Nursing Intervention 1 Refer Debbie to nutritionist. Debbie will have more information regarding healthy eating within 2 weeks. She will realize the importance of her diet and metabolism. Debbie realized the importance of healthy nutrition and regimen. She gained weight in 2 months more than 10 pounds. She feels comfortable and happy. Nursing Intervention 2 Pharmacological intervention, education regarding medications. Debbie will control her weight also by controlling her nausea using the prescribed medication for nausea. She will receive information on how to use the medication, frequency, dosage, side effects in 2 days. After one week Debbie has more information regarding her medications, realized that medication helps her to control nausea and takes as ordered. Evaluation method Follow up visit in doctor’s office after discharge within 2 weeks, daily weights. Follow visit- patient weighs 12 pounds more, less nauseous, feels comfortable in her weight. Rationale Patient education, more information regarding nutrition, talking, relaxation techniques, pharmacological. Given instructions regarding future appointments and plans on her treatment, daily weights, weight control. Nursing Diagnosis 2: Educational deficit Debbie needs more information regarding her care. She needs education related to medications, self-catheterization, breast self-examination. Patient education is a central the practice of nursing and should be in part of their domain. The most important part of patient education is to prepare Debbie for independence in her care, increase the confidence and competence for self-management. (Bastable, 2006). Desired Outcome 1 Desired Outcome 2 Nursing Intervention 1 Instructions on how do self breast- examinations and self- catheterization, warning signs/symptoms. Debbie will be able to do breast self-examination herself in one week, will be able to perform intermittent self-catheterization. Two weeks passed. Debbie states how she performs breast self-examination, what she needs to look out for. She states how often she does the examination and demonstrates what positional changes she needs to do. Nursing Intervention 2 Patient education Debbie will know information about her medications, route, dosage, side effects in 2 days. Teach back achieved regarding medications. Debbie states that she was anxious previously as she thought the will not remember all the information given. She is happy as she did everything correct. Evaluation method Asked multiple cross questions, Debbie answers as educated, seems more interested in future education. Debbie made an organizer for her. The organizer contains medication regimen, few special considerations, reminders. Rationale Demonstrated Debbie how to do breast examination, catheterization. Used a kit and plastic body to demonstrate. Used the board to give important information regarding medication. Debbie demonstrates what she does at home to do the catheterization, breast self-examination, questions given, answered properly as was educated. Nursing Diagnosis 3: Emotional distress. Debbie is experiencing emotional distress, anxiety. As stated in case study she is tearful, has great concern regarding her future. Effective  communication among nurse and patient/family can improve care and relieve suffering. The diagnosis and treatment for cancer is a major challenge and it affects all aspects of life. By therapeutic communication, providing information, encouraging optimistic outlook, teaching how to reduce stress patient care will have better outcomes. (Yarbro, Wujchik, Gobel, 2010). Desired Outcome 1 Desired Outcome 2 Nursing Intervention 1 Debbie will get used to controlling her stress by daily walks, relaxation techniques, music, spending time with family in 2 weeks. Debbie states she feels better spending time with family, resting, being in the park, meeting friends when feeling lonely and anxious. Nursing Intervention 2 Debbie will be seen by spiritual care in 2 days. Debbie states that her conversations with spiritual care makes her feel more relaxed, she reads books, has prayers at her bedside. Evaluation method Given instructions on how to manage time and stress with different activities, planning activity and periods of rest. Asked questions regarding Debbie’s days, stress management. Rationale Educational packets, brochures, referrals provided. Multiple written stress tests used to find our patient’s emotional condition. Seems more relaxed and less anxious. References Aphramor, L. (2010, July). Validity of claims made in weight management research: a narrative review of dietetic articles. Nutrition Journal, 9(). Bastable, S. B. (2006). Essentials of Patient Education. : Jones Bartlett Learning. Yarbro, C., Wujchik, D., Gobel, B. (2010). Cancer Nursing: Principles and Practice (7th ed.). : Jones Bartlett Learning.

Bonds Between Mother and Daughter :: essays research papers

Bond 2 Bonds Between Mother and Daughter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even before birth a mother and child share a special bond. This bond is like no other, for it is miracle to have a baby growing inside your body. The feelings that emerge with this miracle are too strong for words. After birth, the bond develops into a greater emotional and physical bond. The child will spend much of his or her time learning in the first years of life with the mother, who is usually the primary caregiver. Much of what the children learn from their mother will effect their whole life. Through the processes of social learning and modeling the child will learn his or her values, social roles, social identity and gender identity from their mother. Gender identity development is related to the emotional relationships that develop between children and their mothers (Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On global rating scales mothers indicated higher levels of warmth toward their infants if the infant was a girl (Sear, Maccoby, Levin). If this is truly the case, mothers are nurturing closer relationships and a greater sense of continuity with their daughters than with sons. Research by Benenson, Morash, and Petrakos (1998) provides evidence that girls are more emotionally involved with their mothers than boys. Over time, women maintain their connectedness with their mothers, whereas men’s maternal attachment decreases. (Calloni and Handal). Boy and Girls form different emotional relationships with their primary caregiver based on their gender ( Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surry (1985) found that the self is organized and developed within the contest of significant relationships. For women, these significant relationships seem to be with their mothers. Perhaps this is caused by the social role of women and men. Males and Bond 3 females act differently to the opposite sex because of the roles they are bound to by society. The stereotypes that are associated with maleness and femaleness in one’s culture is learned through a process called sex typing. Women talk about their feelings to one another and emotionally bond with other females. On the other hand, males are supposed to be strong and fearless, with no show of emotion or getting too personal with other males. Although we are very gradually moving away from the traditional gender stereotypes there is still much room for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A mother’s attitudes are significant predictors of the attitudes of their daughters (Acock and Bengston, 1978; Arditti, Godwin, and Scanzoni, 1991; Dalton 1980; Jennings and Niemi, 1982; Smith, 1983). Bonds Between Mother and Daughter :: essays research papers Bond 2 Bonds Between Mother and Daughter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even before birth a mother and child share a special bond. This bond is like no other, for it is miracle to have a baby growing inside your body. The feelings that emerge with this miracle are too strong for words. After birth, the bond develops into a greater emotional and physical bond. The child will spend much of his or her time learning in the first years of life with the mother, who is usually the primary caregiver. Much of what the children learn from their mother will effect their whole life. Through the processes of social learning and modeling the child will learn his or her values, social roles, social identity and gender identity from their mother. Gender identity development is related to the emotional relationships that develop between children and their mothers (Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On global rating scales mothers indicated higher levels of warmth toward their infants if the infant was a girl (Sear, Maccoby, Levin). If this is truly the case, mothers are nurturing closer relationships and a greater sense of continuity with their daughters than with sons. Research by Benenson, Morash, and Petrakos (1998) provides evidence that girls are more emotionally involved with their mothers than boys. Over time, women maintain their connectedness with their mothers, whereas men’s maternal attachment decreases. (Calloni and Handal). Boy and Girls form different emotional relationships with their primary caregiver based on their gender ( Chodorow).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surry (1985) found that the self is organized and developed within the contest of significant relationships. For women, these significant relationships seem to be with their mothers. Perhaps this is caused by the social role of women and men. Males and Bond 3 females act differently to the opposite sex because of the roles they are bound to by society. The stereotypes that are associated with maleness and femaleness in one’s culture is learned through a process called sex typing. Women talk about their feelings to one another and emotionally bond with other females. On the other hand, males are supposed to be strong and fearless, with no show of emotion or getting too personal with other males. Although we are very gradually moving away from the traditional gender stereotypes there is still much room for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A mother’s attitudes are significant predictors of the attitudes of their daughters (Acock and Bengston, 1978; Arditti, Godwin, and Scanzoni, 1991; Dalton 1980; Jennings and Niemi, 1982; Smith, 1983).

New York Day Women in Krik? Krack!

Nascine Coote English 102 Mrs. Tracy Nashel â€Å"New York Day Women† Suzette is curious mother about her mother, more than she is about her. It’s clearly that Suzette and her mother have conversations and gets along with just minor issues. However Suzette mother always assumes her daughter is fine and everything is going well for her. It’s clear that Suzette does not know a lot about her mother, and probably was not that close to her. One example is when Suzette was following her mother she stated â€Å"she didn’t know her mother her mother ate frankfurters,† but knows her mother should not eat nothing with sodium.Suzette’s mother is not interested in he daughter. Suzette’s mother was not too much interested in her personal life she always watch lottery on channel 11, and is okay with denture and claims her significant other does not kiss her as he use to, she have conversation with herself while in the kitchen peeling the skin off th e poultry. Suzette’s mother told her daughter how of a good stewardess she would be and how she know she was doing well in school so she didn’t evening had to find out anything from her teacher.The Narrator was curious to see what her was about and follows her to a park to find out what she was up to and she found out she attends to other peoples kids and bought food for him and gave more loving and interest in him that she ever receive. One example was when she peak in his big bird book as if she was very interested. Her daughter must be surprised by this because she has never showed interest in her especially the parents-teachers associate meetings she should have attended when she was a student in school. The Narrator also describes her mother family back home in Haiti.She lost six of her seven sisters in Ville Rose and never fined the strength to return for their funerals. She had a conversation with her daughter about sending clothes to Haiti, but she never really send those clothes and never travel back to Haiti. Suzette’s mother had plans of doing good deeds but never have a will to fulfill them. She does not seem to shows a lot of interest in her family, but rather other people and their well being. Suzette’s close attention, while she observed her mother with another child. She feeds the lady’s child with food she bought and Suzette also observed this.She also observe how easily the child hand slip into her mother’s hands easily like he knows her for a long time â€Å" when he raises his face he look at her as if he looking at the sky† maybe this work because of her height or something else that was not clear. The child’s face was very happy when she gave him the soda, she helps him to do everything for example put the straw in his drink and not just assume he got it like how she would do her own daughter in assuming she is doing well because she just want to believe so.She also takes interest in the book he had, but she never did in Suzette’s parent’s teachers meetings. The Narrator mother will tell her the most wonderful things in the world, but she doesn’t really goes the extra miles to make sure she was doing well in school, she also trusted her daughter to be great and take responsibility for her own studies and to make her proud. Suzette was curious about her mother mission and finally examine how she interest with other people’s kids which is way different from how she interacted with her.

Virgin Usa – Pricing Strategy

Marketing [pic] Virgin USA Francesco Marani Problem Statement Virgin mobile is entering the US mobile market. Low brand recognition in USA and limited financial resources for advertisement represents a constraint because to enter successfully in such a market Virgin needs to swiftly attract its potential target customer, in order to establish a critical mass and financial strength to defend itself from incumbent and/or other potential entrants (price-wars, dumping, etc†¦). The profile of target customers, youth in between 15 and 29 years old with low credit credentials and high income / price elasticity (sensitivity to changes in price and income), is in conflict with the need to retain customers for a minimum period of 17 months as currently in the market ($ 370 / [52-30] = 17), in order to breakeven recovering the Cost per Acquisition (CPA). Situation Analysis Competition – the Mobile Industry in USA: there are 6 national carriers, as well as other small regional providers. The market is overcrowded, mature, highly competitive and concentrated (3 largest carriers covering about 59% of the market – Exhibit 1); requiring large capital expenditure (CAPEX). High churn rate contribute to create uncertainty on the profitability of clients particularly because the carriers are perceived as utility providers rather than service providers. Advertisement expenditure by market leaders is high in order to capture unsatisfied customers. Customer – Market: Most of the new subscribers of mobile services (117 Mln in 2001) opt for a contractual agreement with mobile carriers, which implies hat the bulk of customers are locked into an agreement and potentially dissatisfied. Carriers make money with hidden fees, taxes and unexpected charge (calls during peak time and in excess of monthly allowance). Customer confusion, dissatisfaction and homogenous offer could be some of the reason behind the significant churn rate. We can assume that a significant chunk of the remaining subscribers (13 Mln) are mainly concentrated within the younger part of the population, in many instance unable to sign up for a contract given their lower credit credentials. Virgin aims at attracting 1 Mln of subscriber on the first year and is partnering with MTV, specialized magazines and selected trendy stores consistently with its target customers. Company – Virgin Value Preposition: The Virgin brand in other European market is associated to value for money, innovation, a hip and trendy image, and also ability to shake industry convention and status-quo. Virgin is planning to enter the USA market aggressively, where it has almost no brand recognition, focusing on understanding and meeting customer needs rather than operating the physical infrastructure (MVNO approach). By trying to differentiate its offer and value preposition from the flat and boring offer of established carrier Virgin is trying to change the concept and the perception of such service. Final goal would be reducing dissatisfaction and hence the churn rate, potentially increase the average spending per customers by in other entertainment services. Context: Virgin target customers are the youth between 15 and 29 years old, with less stable economic and consumer behavior, but a higher attitude to spend. On a comparative basis, penetration rate is expected to growth the most on Virgin’s target customer. Additionally revenues generated by entertainment services are expected to grow exponentially (annual growth above 100%) creating an additional revenue stream. Alternatives Clone the industry Prices: Adopting the same price structure available in the market seems to be a strategy consistent with the need of a simple communication, while differentiation will be based on transparency, attention to customer needs and additional services. Such price replicating strategy can be difficulty defendable in the long term. The owners of the network infrastructure, which in some instances is also a provider of mobile services, could easily cross-subsidize their mobile business and reduce its CPA to compete aggressively with Virgin, neutralizing its strategy given their superior rental network cost advantage. Any price war is likely to create an immediate change in customer preferences, in particular Virgin’s target customer (15- 29 years) is likely to be strongly affected given their traditional high sensitivity to prices change (price elasticity typically high). Price below the Competition: The option to adopt a quasi-similar pricing structure, with an exception for the bucket of consumption in between 100 and 300 minutes, has the same pros and cons of the one before mentioned, in addition to increase the probability of triggering an aggressive competitive reaction by incumbent (price wars). Both the above options fail to address three significant aspects: ? The high churn rate, which is one of the main problems in the service industry, is not addressed by any of the mentioned strategy. The limited advertisement budget may fail to create an impact and convey rapidly a clear message to any potential customers. ? The post-paid contract may be difficult to implement using the planned distribution channel. Lower sales commission could also implies less prepared sales representatives, which may fail to properly complete paperwork related to credit checks. Recommendations Virgin should adopt a brand new approach entering the mobile market to quick ly capture the favor of unhappy customers, as well as people unable to sign a contract given their low credit credentials. No contracts (pre-paid only), no hidden fees & taxes, an aggressive price strategy within the 100 – 300 minutes of consumption as a monthly allowance, with no difference between peak and off-peak charges. The average cost per minute in the industry is at the moment around 12 cents ($ 52 average bill per month / 417 min). By analyzing different possible scenario, including different retention rates and rebates in line with the market (Exhibit 2), Virgin can produce a positive Lifetime Value (LTV) offering a tiered price structure, by charging 0. 19cents for monthly usage below 100 minutes, 0. cents in between 100 and 200 minutes, or 0. 06cents between 200 and 300. This solution has been obtained by resolving the LTV formula, leaving the price as an incognita, and assuming a 6% churn rate, a rebate from client of the mobile cost at $30 (using similar proportion of rebate as other competitors), ? PROs: difficult to be replicated by competitors in the market in the short term. It best suits the need of youth people unable to pass credit checks, as well as teenagers and parents needs because it naturally limit their maximum spending in advance. LTV positive since the beginning and CPA at $160 (refer to the next section for further consideration on the CPA). Virgin can further reduce the cost per minute charges if we increase the upfront cost billed to customer for the phone (Exhibit 3), in case competitors start competing aggressively. ? CONs: pre-paid are typically associated with higher churn rate, which can result in a net loss for the carriers before having recovered the CPA. Pre-paid customer in some instances use the mobile phone less than traditional users. An appropriate (easy to reach and cheap) infrastructure needs to be in place to recharge the phone. Implementation Plan Price: an aggressive tiered price strategy, with price decreasing at increased consumption simple to communicate and sensitively lower than competitors (Exhibit 4). Any minutes in excess of 300 minutes can be charged at the same cost per minute applied for the 200 – 300 minutes of monthly consumption. No difference between peak and off-peak charges. Contract: no contract, no hidden fees and taxes. Every user will be charged only an upfront cost for the phone, which in an aggressive scenario is set at $30, (i. e. half of the minimum amount currently charged by other carriers – Exhibit 5). Communication: Virgin is entering the USA mobile market using selected affiliated partner (MTV, selected magazine, etc) consistent with its target customers. The planned advertisement investment is $60 Mln, lower than competitors, but significant for a new entrant. If we consider such t investment as a cost, the total CPA is around $160 (Exhibit 2). Nevertheless, from a financial perspective we should consider the $60 million initial investment as the only CAPEX required, which need to be remunerated by taking into account the company and market risk. If we assume a 16% rate of return on the CAPEX we would reduce the CPA at 109. 6 (Exhibit 6), close to the condition to make the present plan viable according to Morgan Stanley research. Success implementation of the strategy require Virgin entering and impacting its target customer swiftly, in order to build a critical mass and financial strength before being able to face any price-wars. Breakeven: currently the industry break-even is 17months. If we assume average consumption around 417 minutes per month, we can see that the breakeven will be significantly lower, and around 5 month. In the present calculation we have neither considered any extra revenues generated by VirginXtras, nor a reduction in the churn rate as a likely consequence of the improved customer satisfaction. Redu cing the churn rate is probably one of the most important objectives in the mobile industry sectors, also because gives additional space for price reduction as demonstrated (Exhibit 2, 3, 6). Exhibit 1 [pic] Exhibit 2 [pic] * Assuming 1 Mln of customers. $60 Mln /1 Mln customers = $ 60 per customer Exhibit 3 Intermediate Rebate [pic] Maximum Rebate [pic] * Assuming 1 Mln of customers. $60 Mln /1 Mln customers = $ 60 per customer Exhibit 4 Price Advantage against Market Average Prices [pic] *Mkt Adv = Market price per minute – Virgin price per minute. Exhibit 5 [pic] Exhibit 6 [pic] * Considering the investment on advertisement as a capital expenditure, with a 16% annual rate of return. ($60 Mln /1 Mln customer x 0. 16 = $ 9. 6

Free Essays on How Swing Helped Desegragation

Easing the tensions of segregation one dance step at a time Sing, sing, sing, sing everybody start to sing la dee da dee whoa ho ho now your singin’ with a swing! That wonderful sound that filled from the hot air on summer nights at the legendary Savoy Ballroom, Harlem, New York can still be heard today in ballrooms through out the country. When most people think of the legendary era of Swing that spanned the late 1920’s all the way through the early 1940’s they think of it as nothing more than a form of dance. But in actuality Swing was created to ease the tensions of segregation and hopefully put and end to it! Many people believe that swing had made segregation worse, but in actuality it helped the movement more than it hurt it. During the roaring 20’s, 30’s and 40’s not only were the Afro- Americans dealing with segregation but so were American woman as the woman’s suffrage movement gained more and more backing. Teenagers were also looking for their place within the American sub culture and turned to swing as a happy medium in teenage acceptance. Having partner dancing where both members were on the same footing and echoed gender equality soothed the gender issue. â€Å"Whether they were men or women, young or old, black or white every portion of society found some form of Swing favoritable for their dancing and listening. Which surely helped Swings mission of tolerance and mutual respect,† stated professor Stowe. 1860 – First close couple dancing begins. 1912 – Vernon and Irene Castle make closed couple dancing acceptable. 1920- Arthur Murray, a student of the Castle’s, markets dance lessons by mail. The first Fox Trot lessons cost only a dime. 1927 – Charles Lindberg makes his â€Å"hop† across the Atlantic. Traditional closed couple dancing began in the US after 1860, when America’s youth began moving from the rural environments to the cities looking for employment. (Swingin’ at ... Free Essays on How Swing Helped Desegragation Free Essays on How Swing Helped Desegragation Easing the tensions of segregation one dance step at a time Sing, sing, sing, sing everybody start to sing la dee da dee whoa ho ho now your singin’ with a swing! That wonderful sound that filled from the hot air on summer nights at the legendary Savoy Ballroom, Harlem, New York can still be heard today in ballrooms through out the country. When most people think of the legendary era of Swing that spanned the late 1920’s all the way through the early 1940’s they think of it as nothing more than a form of dance. But in actuality Swing was created to ease the tensions of segregation and hopefully put and end to it! Many people believe that swing had made segregation worse, but in actuality it helped the movement more than it hurt it. During the roaring 20’s, 30’s and 40’s not only were the Afro- Americans dealing with segregation but so were American woman as the woman’s suffrage movement gained more and more backing. Teenagers were also looking for their place within the American sub culture and turned to swing as a happy medium in teenage acceptance. Having partner dancing where both members were on the same footing and echoed gender equality soothed the gender issue. â€Å"Whether they were men or women, young or old, black or white every portion of society found some form of Swing favoritable for their dancing and listening. Which surely helped Swings mission of tolerance and mutual respect,† stated professor Stowe. 1860 – First close couple dancing begins. 1912 – Vernon and Irene Castle make closed couple dancing acceptable. 1920- Arthur Murray, a student of the Castle’s, markets dance lessons by mail. The first Fox Trot lessons cost only a dime. 1927 – Charles Lindberg makes his â€Å"hop† across the Atlantic. Traditional closed couple dancing began in the US after 1860, when America’s youth began moving from the rural environments to the cities looking for employment. (Swingin’ at ...

Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England

Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England While many people use the terms ​United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England interchangeably, there is a difference between them- one is a country, the second is an island, and the third is a part of an island. The United Kingdom The  United Kingdom  is an independent country off the northwestern coast of Europe. It consists of the entire island of Great Britain and a northern part of the island of Ireland. In fact, the official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital city of the United Kingdom is London and the head of state is currently Queen Elizabeth II. The United Kingdom is one of the founding members of the United Nations and sits on the United Nations Security Council. The creation of the United Kingdom heralds back to 1801 when the unification between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland led to the establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. When southern Ireland gained independence in the 1920s, the name of the modern country then became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.   Great Britain Great Britain is the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland. Much of the United Kingdom consists of the island of Great Britain. On the large island of Great Britain, there are three somewhat autonomous regions: England, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is the ninth largest island on Earth and has an area of  80,823 square miles (209,331 square kilometers). England occupies the southeast portion of the island of Great Britain, Wales is in the southwest, and Scotland is in the north. Scotland and Wales are not independent countries but do have some discretion from the United Kingdom with respect to internal governance. England England is located in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, which is part of the country of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom includes the administrative regions of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Each region varies in its level of autonomy but all part of the United Kingdom. While England has traditionally been thought of as the heart of the United Kingdom, some use the term England to refer to the entire country, however, this is not correct. While its common to hear or see the term London, England, technically this is also incorrect, as it implies that London is the capital of England alone, rather than the capital of the entire United Kingdom. Ireland A final note on Ireland. The northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland is the administrative region of the United Kingdom known as Northern Ireland. The remaining southern five-sixths of the island of Ireland is the independent country known as the  Republic of Ireland (Eire). Using the Right Term It is inappropriate to refer to the United Kingdom as Great Britain or England; one should be specific about toponyms (place names) and utilize the correct nomenclature.  Remember, United Kingdom (or the U.K.) is the country, Great Britain is the island, and England is one of the U.K.s four administrative regions. Since unification, the Union Jack flag has combined elements of England, Scotland, and Ireland (although Wales is omitted) to represent the unification of constituent parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Answer questions - Essay Example Another assumption that will be considered is the time taken. Driving to and fro work takes a lot of time and effort than being a telecommuter. There are several valid reasons that would prompt one to consider the telecommuting offer. One of the reasons is reduction in expenditure. The telecommuter job will help in reduction of vehicle associated costs like fuel and maintenance costs. Consequently, one will have an increased amount of money for expenditure at home. The second reason is convenience. The telecommuter job will be convenient in terms of time taken and effort. The time taken to drive to work and effort used will be reduced. Thirdly, the job will reduce the risks associated with driving to work like accidents and insurance. While the current job is a race against time, the telecommuter job will be less of a burden. Fourthly, the telecommuter job will reduce the time taken to access the job location and also drive back home. This will increase the time that one can dedicate to the care of the baby. This in turn reduces the costs of childcare. Fifthly, the job reduces the distance that one has to commute to and fro work. The telecommuter job will result into pay reduction, which will affect the money available for expenditure. Secondly, it will reduce the comfort that one enjoyed as they drive to and fro work. Thirdly, the telecommuting job may not be luxurious as the current job and may have a lot of hardships. With lack of experience in the job, one is likely to face many problems. Fourthly, there may be no guarantee of how safe one will be on the job. Telecommuting may be an unstable job and may not guarantee job tenure. Fifthly, the telecommuting job may not offer the chance to grow career wise and one may stagnate in one job. As per my decision, I would prefer to remain in my current job rather than taking up the telecommuting job. The