Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction Csr Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction: Company sociable obligation in order to act ethically in order to your neighborhood group in addition to modern society in particular, in addition to strengthen the quality of lifetime from the labor force in addition to their families following the organization persists accomplishing this connected with monetary advancement. His or her cash flow through corporations should never merely think about his or her product in addition to companies advancement, but in addition which they re able to consider the sociable rewards. Many ideas get told CSR through corporations in addition to companies at the moment are looking to budget for his or her time in the direction of CSR research. CSR have to enjoy an important position becoming an program involving the business plus the society. CSR must not be just as a voluntary motion used through the corporation; it should participate in the organization and should get presented functions using in the market toward Management and business Interpersonal Obligation. The actual institutional idea is just about the well-established concepts which has defined because â€Å"policy making emphasizes this formal and legitimate regarding authorities structures†. Institutional idea will allow for clasping much far more correctly regarding exactly what CSR in a clear institutional placing. Neo-institutional idea should go past the final belief during which it can identify one of many regulative, normativeShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : Business Communication And Technology835 Words   |  4 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility Business Communication and Technology Due Date: 29th August Teacher: RYANCL Form: 11O â€Æ' Table of Contents Corporate Social Responsibility 2 Introduction 2 Legal Requirements 2 Drawbacks/Disadvantages 2 Industry Example – Carnival Australia 3 Conclusion 4 Recommendations 4 Reference List 5 Appendix 1 6 Appendix 2 7 â€Æ' Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction What is Corporate Social Responsibility? The responsibilities a business has to the environment, societyRead MoreThe Problems of Social Responsibility1350 Words   |  5 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Combine Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into strategic management is making and increase profit to a companys business. In recent year, the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gradually become a very concern to industries. Hence, there have been gradually increasing tensions with many companies and increase the responsibility of managers try to carry out Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to society. In fact, managers should be having knowledge and understandingRead MoreDefinition of Csr1234 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Recently, the expectations of society for companies have increased more than before (Craig, Bhattacharya, Vogel and Levine, 2010), so one significant issue that most firms have been actively involved in is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Some may debate that it decreases company’s profits by spending much money on CSR. However, according to Needle (2004), ‘good’ CSR is also good for business, a firm could benefit from doing CSR. Thus, this paper aims to explain its importanceRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pages1.1 Introduction As the dramatically growing of economies and development of technology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discussesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr923 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is part of the reality of doing business. CSR is also known as corporate science, corporate citizenship or responsible business. CSR is important for both business as well as society. CSR is all about how a company is able to show and manage its positive impact on the society. CSR is able to earn its own name in the world of business. The importance and significance of Corporate Social Responsibility is increasingRead MoreThe Link Between Corporate Social Responsibility And The Competitive Advantage Of A Company1332 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this essay is to show that the link between Corporate Social Responsibility the competitive advantage of a company is often viewed to be positive if environmental limits, social needs corporate interests are all coordinated within the given framework (Porter Kramer, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be classified as the actions of firms that contribute to social welfare, beyond what is required for profit maximization (McWilliams, 2015). EconomistRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of India Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pages CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA â€Å"Crossing the Bridge from Knowing to doing† Jasleen Kaur Luthra* â€Å"Successful people have a social responsibility to make the world a better place and not just take from it.† Carie Underwood Abstract The 21st century is characterized by unprecedented challenges and opportunities, arising from globalization, the desire forRead MoreCsr in the Hospitality Industry1293 Words   |  6 PagesStillwater September 29, 2009 Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality Industry Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has progressively become known as a germane issue in the corporate world for the past decade. Making the world a better place, socially and environmentally, is a global accepted phenomenon. According to Porter Kramer, 2006, â€Å"corporate social responsibility has emerged as an inescapable priority for business leadersRead MoreThe Relationship of NGOs and CSR813 Words   |  3 PagesThe essence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is that businesses should be self-regulating in their strategic and tactical business models that ensure they are in compliance with the moral, ethics, and standards of stakeholder expectations and the law. The goal, of course, is to encourage moral actions so that it does not become necessary for governments to legislate compliance (Kotler Lee 2003). CSR has been increasingly important in the global arena after the Enron scandal, and is a trendRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 PagesArguing for Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction: The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) originated in 19537 with the publication of Bowen’s book Social Responsibilities of Businessmen (Carrol, 1999). Some perceived that at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate

Lord Of The Flies And Night Comparison Essay - 822 Words

The corruption of mankind is caused by the innate characteristics of sin, chaotic evil, and compulsive urge for wrongdoing. In the novels, Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Night by Elie Wiesel portrays the potential of evil in every person. In Lord of the Flies, a group of schoolboys become stranded on an island and seeks ways to hope for them to survive until they are found and rescued. The lack of resources causes conflicts into who should survive and receive the benefit of these items. The book Night depicts the horrific event of the Holocaust and the story of Elie, a survivor and his journey through the camp. The book reflects the inhumane actions of the Germans towards the Jews and other prisoners and how their life was taken†¦show more content†¦Night by Elie Wiesel reflects the inherent of evil in mankind by the cruelty of the Nazi Germans towards the Jews and the prisoners towards one another. â€Å"Their fingers on the triggers, they did not deprive themsel ves of the pleasure† (Wiesel 85). The SS officers were ordered to shoot anyone who stopped or appeared exhausted during the march and shot them like dogs. The prisoners were human just like them and being able to shoot someone of the same entity demonstrates how far mankind has come to holding malevolent behavior in their actions and how it’s something they are not taught, but as something born in them. In addition not only did the SS officers detained this violent inhumane conduct but the prisoners even turned against one another for the sake of their self-fulfillment. â€Å"Our nerves had reached a breaking point...a few men forced her to sit down, then bound and gagged her† (Wiesel 26). The prisoners were irritated at the mad woman on the cattle car screeching and wailing and couldn’t bear her shriek and immediately took action into killing her for their own contentment. In similarity to the SS officers, the prisoners did not have a rationale for their actions indicates the corruption of mankind. Regarding the baleful characteristic, the novels Night and Lord of the Flies compare inShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, And Animal Farm, By George Orwell1076 Words   |  5 PagesComparison Essay In the world we tend to think that there are good individuals and there are bad individuals, but in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, and Animal Farm, by George Orwell, it is proven that even the purest of individuals have evil within them. Orwell and Golding take children and animals, two kinds of individuals that are supposed to be sweet, honest and good, and turn them into crazy, sadistic, corrupted members of society. This proves that evil is in everyone, and is demonstratedRead More The Nature of Death in Emily Dickinsons Poems Essay2263 Words   |  10 PagesEmily Dickinson once said, â€Å"Dying is a wild night and a new road.† Some people welcome death with open arms while others cower in fear when confronted in the arms of death. Through the use of ambiguity, metaphors, personification and paradoxes Emily Dickinson still gives readers a sense of vagueness on how she feels about dying. Emily Dickinson inventively expresses the nature of death in the poems, â⠂¬Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain (280)†, â€Å"I Heard a fly Buzz—When I Died—(465)â€Å" and â€Å"Because I couldRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1172 Words   |  5 PagesElizabethan era; there was a significant change in religion, family and politics. Attitudes and key scenes highlight the theme of love in difficult circumstances and prepare the audience for Romeo and Juliet’s suicides at the end of the play. In this essay I will be exploring the ways Shakespeare presents characters in difficult situations. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare presents Romeo as a depressed teenager that faces a difficult situation when Rosaline rejects Romeo’s love for her. This is becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Adventures Of Pinocchio By Carlo Collodi1537 Words   |  7 Pagesone or several words; specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next.† â€Å"https://mcl.as.uky.edu/glossary-rhetorical-terms† â€Å"The mountains look on Marathon – And Marathon looks on the sea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Isles of Greece by Lord Byron 4 anaphora â€Å"Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row.† â€Å"https://quizlet.com/302172/rhetorical-terms-flash-cards/† â€Å"Five years have passed; Five summers, with the length of Five long winters! andRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 PagesThe Essay Writing Process In Greek legend, the goddess of wisdom, Athena, was born fully armed from the head of Zeus. Unfortunately, this is the only recorded instance of instant wisdom. Especially in the medium of the written word, the communication of complex ideas is a process—a process that requires thinking and rethinking, working and reworking. The student who claims to have dashed off an A essay at one in the morning the night before it was due is either a liar or a genius. ThisRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesfollowing line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. Lord of the Flies provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustratingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 3871 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck meRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesrespected. Georgiana, who had a spoiled temper, †¦ was universally indulged...John no one thwarted...I dared commit no fault: I strove to fulfil every duty; and I was termed naughty and tiresome, sullen and sneaking, from morning to noon, and from noon to night†¦ ‘Unjust!-- unjust!’ said my reason† (18-19). â€Å"Speak I must: I had been trodden on severely, and I must turn† (43). Passionate â€Å"Here, leaning over the banister, I cried out suddenly, and without at all deliberating on my words-- ‘They are not fit toRead MoreThe Purpose of the Biblical Flood narrative1977 Words   |  8 Pagesit as a story and allow it to play on our imagination so that we discover its deep reality† (Woods 2014) whilst also taking into consideration the context and audience for which it was originally intended, to discover its theological purpose. This essay will not only address its overall theological purpose but also concentrate on the history associated with the narrative in regards to its origin using geographical reasoning, reference and com parison of similarities and differences of other culturalRead MoreEssay on Is Satan the Epic Hero in Paradise Lost?2123 Words   |  9 Pageswho the epic hero of the bible is. In John Milton’s poem â€Å" Paradise Lost,† the lines between good and evil are blurred, despite Milton’s proclamation of writing th is poem to justify God’s ways to the world through the voice of the Holy Spirit. This essay will examine whether or not Milton justified his God’s ways, and if his ways were not justified was Satan the epic hero of the poem. Many epic writings are written with a muse in mind. Some authors write with the inspiration of a beautiful woman

5 Ways You Can Improve Your CV This Summer Free Essays

Hooray – summer is finally here! And you know what that means: Fun, Festivals, and – best of all – no more exams or essays. However, before you get too carried away with planning your social calendar and packing your sun cream, realise that you have an invaluable opportunity now to develop yourself and your future employment prospects. Here are 5 ways you can productively use the next few months to improve your CV and your chances of landing that dream job when you graduate. We will write a custom essay sample on 5 Ways You Can Improve Your CV This Summer or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Get a Job†¦ Lets get the obvious one out of the way first – whatever your profession or industry, when potential employers look at your CV they will be looking at your work experience and not just your academic qualifications. The summer holiday period is a great time to get a part-time job or work placement that can enhance this section of your CV. Even a casual weekend job stacking shelves at your local supermarket will show them you have good customer service and communications skills, can work within a team and what’s more you’ll have someone to turn to for a glowing reference when you start applying for graduate jobs! 2. Go Travel It may seem crazy but yes, employers actually want people with a bit of life experience, and travelling during the holidays could be seen as a positive step towards boosting your employability. Backpacking is a fantastic way to develop your independence and put your organisation skills into practice when navigating foreign transport systems, making hostel bookings and managing your budget. You’ll also become more resourceful and brush up your networking skills when meeting new people at every stop along the way. You could also combine your travels with volunteering or a physical challenge, which will show employers your ability to set and achieve a target. 3. Learn a new skill Alternatively, you could combine your travels with learning a new skill. Foreign languages are highly valued by employers – particularly those spoken in emerging markets, such as Mandarin and Spanish – and having one on your CV could set you apart when you begin applying for jobs. If you don’t fancy that then why not try your hand at something new like learning to play the guitar, or rediscovering your passion for dressmakingThere are hundreds of short term courses you could sign up for over the summer and gain skills that could set you apart from the competition. Employers will be impressed with the level of commitment you can demonstrate to learning something new, because it shows passion. 4. Write a blog Writing an effective blog will prove to a prospective employer that you can write in coherent English, whilst also showcasing your passion for a subject that is personal to you. Employers love to hear what your interests outside of work are. So if you have an undying love of anything from shoes to Winston Churchill, then write it down – it could be useful. 5. Set up a business Have you got a great business idea, but find yourself too busy during term time to pursue it? Setting up a business takes time and effort, but working hard at it for three months over the summer could allow you to lay the groundwork, which you can then build on when you’re back at university. If your business is successful, it could turn in to a full-time job for you when you graduate. But even if it isn’t, launching a business as a student will look impressive on your CV and you’ll develop crucial skills from professional communication and networking, to organisation and leadership. Need more helpTry our CV writing service. How to cite 5 Ways You Can Improve Your CV This Summer, Essay examples

Governance in Globalizing World Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Governance in Globalizing World. Answer: Directors acting dishonestly should be criminally investigated. If found guilty they should be liable for imprisonment and repayment of funds dishonestly obtained. Discuss. Use Agency theory to support your answer The corporate watchdog has warned the directors after a former chairman of a technological company was sent to jail for 10 years (Bednar, 2012). The directors of many companies have been sent notices about the prospect of heavy penalty if the legal duties are not met properly. For an example it is witnessed that he former chairman of TZ Ltd, Andrew Sigalla was found guilty because making fraudulent movements inside the environment of the company. The boy from Sydney stole almost $9 million from the fund of the company. In the later stages the court found that the boy was addicted to gambling and had to repay $10 million mortgage. The court added that the 51 year old boy was related with robbing the company of considerable cash. The boy was sent to jail for 10 years and 6years of the imprisonment was non-parole. It is the clear case of fraudulent activities by the director of a particular company (Circulation of initiative petitions, 2011). In this case it can be said that the directo r must be sent to jails and must not be set free. If the evidences are strong and if the guilty is proved then the court has taken the right decision in the case of Sigalla. Agency theory is perfect for this case in order to explain the situation in an effective way. Agency theory is actually a supposition that actually elaborates the relationship between principals and agents. The most known agency relationship occurs between shareholders and the executive of the company. Agency theory has many parts through which the scenario can be supported effectively. The steps are as follows, Principals and Agents in Finance Goals and information Differences in risk tolerance Legal Fiduciary Responsibilities Board diversity is not important and directors should be appointed and retained based on merit. Discuss. Use Stewardship theory and Stakeholder theory to support your arguments Stewardship theory is basically a theory where the rejection of assumed agency theory can be seen. This theory actually says about the managerial goals where the managers must focus on achieving organizational goal rather than achieving individual targets. In the above case it can be assumed that the directors of the companies must be retained for the sake of the organization. There are some cases where the directors are found guilty of making fraudulent movement inside the organization. In these cases the company must take appropriate decision for the sake of the organization (Bhasin, 2012). In the article it has been seen that Sigalla was found guilty while stealing cash from the company in order to satisfy own desire. In two ways it is not acceptable at all. First of all its a crime and secondly it has not maintained stewardship theory in any cases. There are many ways through which the company can overcome these kinds of situations. They can retain the director based on his or he r merits after the completion of his/her punishment. Appointing the directors also can be done based on their merits but in the case of Sigalla the business was family business and he was appointed automatically after the death of his father. This is a different case that is why the scenario of the case is totally separate from usual cases but at the end of everything, the activities must be done in favor of the organization. In the field of stakeholder theory the scenario of the article can also be connected (Bonnafous-Boucher, 2016). Stakeholder theory says that the employees of a particular company must focus on the organizational objectives rather than focusing on individual tasks. It can also be connected with the given scenario in the article where Sigalla favored the gambling option in order to satisfy himself with his own desires. However TZ Ltd may take the decision of retaining the director after the completion of punishment of Sigalla (Briefing, 2015). Family companies operate with different corporate governance rules than companies owned by non-family shareholders. Family owned companies should be able to operate in a way that benefits family members. Discuss. Use Resource Dependence theory and Stewardship theory to support your answer In the case scenario it has been seen that Joseph Gutnick has been facing many problematic situations while running his family business (Dyer and Dyer, 2009). There are scandals and news about him that he is trying to hide his property form the other family members where Mr. Joseph has stated that all of these statements are not true. He became amazed and disproved that all of this allegations are made by his brother Abraham Gutnick. Abraham Gutnick has continuously stated that his brother Joseph Gutnick is trying to hide his assets from his family members. This statement was made in the early stages of 2015. Later stages of 2015 the lawyer of Abraham Gutnick tried to stop his family from being dispossessed by the new owners of the part of the property he had long rented from one of Gutnicks brothers companies. The property of Gutnick family was sold to Balaclava Heights in 2015 and just after this it evict Abraham Gutnick. Through this scenario it can be seen and said that family bu siness must not be disposed to the outsider and the profit of the family business must be kept within the members of the family. Stewardship theory has stated that the benefit of the organization must be kept for the members of the organization so that the organization gets all the benefits from it (Glinkowska and Kaczmarek, 2015). It is obvious that the profit of the business can be crucial for the members of the organization. It will help the employees of the company to achieve the organizational target efficiently. Dependence theory actually says that the poor countries take loans from the rich countries in order to continue their runs in this race. It is obvious that the family businesses are independent and do not need to take help from the outsiders but if the outsiders get involved with the family business then the business becomes dependent on the outsiders where the main problem arises. In order to achieve benefits in the family business, the policies of businesses must be kept secretly and must not disclosed to any outsiders (Borchers, Deskins and Ross, 2015). Outsiders will always try to take advantages of the family businesses in order to satisfy their own desires. It can be said that involving the outsiders in the family business can be the worst decision in terms of getting benefits and it can harm the scenario of the business too as it has been seen in the article. Superannuation (Pension) funds have the right and responsibility to influence decisions of companies in which they own shares and to ensure the companies act in a socially responsible manner The main problem in this case is the absence of women in the post of directors of board in various companies. The Australian Council of Superannuation Investors, which actually represents $450 billion in assets of more than $8 million Australian super fund members. They have stated that time is up for the male members in the boards of directors. A research of ACSI has stated that there are 13 companies in Australia where there no women directors in the board of directors list. The companies include, telecommunications giant TPG, CIMIC Group, Flight Centre, Investa and Qube Holdings. ACSI has expected that at the end of 2017 they have expected to increase the number of women directors to 30 percent. Somehow it is not happening according to ACSI. Superannuation funds have the right to influence the decisions of the companies and to force the companies to include women board members in the directory team. It can be said they want to distribute the right of authority among the males and the females in a proper mannerism. So these steps are in favor of the women of the country who are still struggling to take part in the ruling committee of multiple companies all around the country. There are many companies whose board members have said that they are happy with the way the work is going on and that is why they do not need any further changes in the committee. This is stated by Ms. Davidson. The members have added more that the members are chosen based on their merits where Ms. Davidson has not found any clue for which the women are neglected in such ways. Although Ms. Davidson has told that the members have started to give support in favor of the women where the women will get their chances to be the part of board of directors in the certain upcoming future. References Bednar, M. (2012). Watchdog or Lapdog? A Behavioral View of the Media as a Corporate Governance Mechanism.Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), pp.131-150. Bhasin, S. (2012). An appropriate change strategy for lean success.Management Decision, 50(3), pp.439-458. Bonnafous-Boucher, M. (2016).Stakeholder theory. 1st ed. [Place of publication not identified]: Springer International Pu. Borchers, E., Deskins, J. and Ross, A. (2015). CAN STATE TAX POLICIES BE USED TO GROW SMALL AND LARGE BUSINESSES?.Contemporary Economic Policy, 34(2), pp.312-335. Briefing. (2015).Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 17(8), pp.2-2. Circulation of initiative petitions. (2011). 1st ed. Denver, Colo.: Department of State, Elections Division. Dyer, W. and Dyer, W. (2009). Putting the Family Into Family Business Research.Family Business Review, 22(3), pp.216-219. Glinkowska, B. and Kaczmarek, B. (2015). Classical and modern concepts of corporate governance (Stewardship Theory and Agency Theory).Management, 19(2).

Action Programs and Budget free essay sample

Each strategy identified requires certain tasks to be completed. Moreover, each task must be designated to certain members of the staff. Finally, the cost of each task must be stated and the total cost must be determined in order to come up with a marketing budget for Far Horizon Product Strategy Prepare the wordings for a brochure that highlights the feature, benefits, and advantages of the Far Horizon Convention Center. A member of Far Horizon’s marketing staff should prepare the wordings for the brochure and work together with the designer to ensure that the brochure contains all pertinent information about Far Horizon. Layout and design the brochure A graphic designer must work on this task. He must work together with a member of the marketing stuff t ensure that the theme of the design coincides with that of Far Horizon’s goals and objectives. Distribute brochures to business organizations in the community and in the state. We will write a custom essay sample on Action Programs and Budget or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A member of the marketing staff must get in touch with the organizations so that they can be informed of the existence of Far Horizon. He can send the brochure as well to introduce Far Horizon to the said organizations and their members. The estimated cost for this strategy is $1200. This includes the layout, design, and printing of the brochures. Distribution costs are likewise included in the said figure Executive Summary Far Horizon is a newly built convention center that aims to serve as a complete venue for special events, gatherings, and functions of both individual and organizational clients. This marketing plan aims to provide Far Horizon with a guide as to what strategies it must carry out in order to accomplish its goals and objectives. In this marketing plan, an overview of the company and its products and services are discussed. Also, this marketing plan highlights the marketing goals and objectives of the firm. Moreover, the strategies of the firm in terms of the 4 segments of the marketing mix are discussed. A timeline, budget, and specific tasks and designation of such tasks are also discussed. Finally, the measures by which the effectiveness of such marketing plan are discussed as well. Come up with the basic rates and rental fees for all facilities of the convention center A member of the marketing staff must work together with a sales and finance staff member to ensure that the rates will coincide with Far Horizon’s cost-plus pricing strategy. This task is allotted 3-4 weeks. Develop discounts and promos for early birds and early reservations This task requires coordination between the sales and marketing staff. This task is allotted 4-5 weeks after the rates are finalized. Promote the customized pricing scheme through promotional flyers. The marketing staff must come up with flyers that discuss how such pricing scheme is advantageous to potential clients. Such information should also be included in other promotional materials such as the brochure. This task is allotted 6-8 weeks once the rates and discounts are finalized. The estimated cost for this strategy is $400. All the information to be gathered by staff members. Their salaries are taken to be part of compensation expenses of the company. The cost for the flyers are inculcated in the cost of the promotional materials which are under another strategy segment.

PISOS DE ADOQUIN PEATONAL Essays - , Term Papers

PISOS DE ADOQUIN PEATONAL DESCRIPCION.- En los sitios en donde se indique adoquinamiento Peatonal en los planos, se lo hara mediante la utilizacion de adoquines de colores del tipo llamado peatonal con un alto minimo de 6 centimetros del tipo Hormipisos , Ecua- adoquin ,Tiger o similares. PROCEDIMIENTO.- Para su ejecucion debera previamente compactarse el terreno sobre el cual va a ir asentado mediante la utilizacion de aparatos vibradores mecanicos. Posteriormente a la compactacion se colocara una base de arena nivelada de 3 centimetros de alto. Se colocaran los adoquines perfectamente nivelados y alineados, asentandolos mediante golpes con un mazo de madera o caucho, dejando las juntas que especifique el fabricante uniformes .. Una vez terminada su instalacion se realizara un empore de arena y se compactara mediante un compactador mecanico liviano sin despostillar los adoquines. El color de los adoquines sera escogido por la fiscalizacion tratando de unificar con los utilizados en los colegios Replicas. MEDICION Y PAGO .- El pago del rubro se lo hara en metros cuadrados.

The History of Pencils, Markers, Pens, and Erasers

The History of Pencils, Markers, Pens, and Erasers Ever wonder how your favorite writing implement was invented? Read on to learn about the history of pencils, erasers, sharpeners, markers, highlighters and gel pens and see who invented and patented these writing instruments. Pencil History Graphite is a form of carbon, first discovered in the Seathwaite Valley on the side of the mountain Seathwaite Fell in Borrowdale, near Keswick, England, sometime around 1564 by an unknown person. Shortly after this, the first pencils were made in the same area. The breakthrough in pencil technology came when French chemist Nicolas Conte developed and patented the process used to make pencils in 1795. He used a mixture of clay and graphite that was fired before it was put in a wooden case. The pencils he made were cylindrical with a slot. The square lead was glued into the slot, and a thin strip of wood was used to fill the rest of the slot. Pencils got their name from the old English word meaning brush. Contes method of kiln firing powdered graphite and clay allowed pencils to be made to any hardness or softness - which was very important to artists and draftsmen. In 1861, Eberhard Faber built the first pencil factory in the United States in New York City. Eraser History Charles Marie de la Condamine, a French scientist and explorer, was the first European to bring back the natural substance called India rubber. He brought a sample to the Institute de France in Paris in 1736. South American Indian tribes used rubber to making bouncing playing balls and as an adhesive for attaching feathers and other objects to their bodies. In 1770, the noted scientist Sir Joseph Priestley (discoverer of oxygen) recorded the following, I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil. Europeans were rubbing out pencil marks with the small cubes of rubber, the substance that Condamine had brought to Europe from South America. They called their erasers peaux de negres. However, rubber was not an easy substance to work with because it went bad very easily - just like food, rubber would rot. English engineer Edward Naime is also credited with the creation of the first eraser in 1770. Before rubber, breadcrumbs had been used to erase pencil marks. Naime claims he accidentally picked up a piece of rubber instead of his lump of bread and discovered the possibilities. He went on to sell the new rubbing out devices, or rubbers. In 1839, Charles Goodyear discovered a way to cure rubber and make it a lasting and useable material. He called his process vulcanization, after Vulcan, the Roman god of fire. Goodyear patented his process in 1844. With the better rubber available, erasers became quite common. The first patent for attaching an eraser to a pencil was issued in 1858 to a man from Philadelphia named Hyman Lipman. This patent was later held to be invalid because it was merely the combination of two things, without a new use. History of the Pencil Sharpener At first, penknives were used to sharpen pencils. They got their name from the fact that they were first used to shape feather quills used as early pens. In 1828, French mathematician Bernard Lassimone applied for a patent (French patent #2444) on an invention to sharpen pencils. However, it was not until 1847 that Therry des Estwaux first invented the manual pencil sharpener as we know it. John Lee Love of Fall River, Massachusetts designed the Love Sharpener. Loves invention was the very simple, portable pencil sharpener that many artists use. The pencil is put into the opening of the sharpener and rotated by hand, and the shavings stay inside the sharpener. Loves sharpener was patented on November 23, 1897 (U.S. Patent # 594,114). Four years earlier, Love created and patented his first invention, the Plasterers Hawk. This device, which is still used today, is a flat square piece of board made of wood or metal, upon which plaster or mortar was placed and then spread by plasterers or masons. This was patented on July 9, 1895. One source claims that the Hammacher Schlemmer Company of New York offered the worlds first electric pencil sharpener designed by Raymond Loewy, sometime in the early 1940s. History of Markers and Highlighters The first marker was probably the felt tip marker, created in the 1940s. It was mainly used for labeling and artistic applications. In 1952, Sidney Rosenthal began marketing his Magic Marker which consisted of a glass bottle that held ink and a wool felt wick. By 1958, marker use was becoming common, and people used it for lettering, labeling, marking packages, and creating posters. Highlighters and fine-line markers were first seen in the 1970s. Permanent markers also became available around this time. Superfine-points and dry erase markers gained popularity in the 1990s. The modern fiber tip pen was invented by Yukio Horie of the Tokyo Stationery Company, Japan in 1962. The Avery Dennison Corporation trademarked Hi-Liter ® and Marks-A-Lot ® in the early 90s. The Hi-Liter ® pen, commonly known as a highlighter, is a marking pen which overlays a printed word with a transparent color, leaving it legible and emphasized. In 1991 Binney Smith introduced a redesigned Magic Marker line that included highlighters and permanent markers.  In 1996, fine point Magic Marker II DryErase markers were introduced for detailed writing and drawing on  whiteboards, dry erase boards, and glass surfaces. Gel Pens Gel Pens were invented by the Sakura Color Products Corp. (Osaka, Japan), which makes Gelly Roll pens and was the company that invented gel ink in 1984. The gel ink uses pigments suspended in a water-soluble polymer matrix. They are not transparent like conventional inks, according to Debra A. Schwartz. According to Sakura, Years of research resulted in the 1982 introduction of Pigma ®, the first water-based pigment ink ... Sakuras revolutionary Pigma inks evolved to become the first Gel Ink Rollerball launched as the Gelly Roll pen in 1984. Sakura also invented a new drawing material which combined oil and pigment. CRAY-PAS ®, the first oil pastel, was introduced in 1925.